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5 B
Element Revision Sheet

Boron (B)

Metalloids Block P Group 13 • Period 2
Superhero Identity

"The Glass Guardian, a hero who can withstand extreme heat and strengthen everything they touch."

A memorable persona to anchor B in your mind.

Density

2.34

Grams per cm³

Melting Point

2077

Celsius (°C)

Atomic Radius

192

Radius (pm)

Everyday Connection

Daily Life Link

Heat-resistant Pyrex glass cookware in the kitchen.

Discovery & History

Year Discovered

1808

Discovered By

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac & Louis Jacques Thénard

Origin of Name

"The name is derived from the Arabic 'buraq', which was the name for borax."

Technical Properties

Atomic Mass

10.81 u

Standard State

solid

Boiling Point

4000°C

Electron Configuration

[He] 2s22p1

1st Ionization Energy

8.298 eV

Electron Affinity

N/A

Oxidation States

[+3]
Appearance

"A hard, black, lustrous metalloid in its crystalline form."

Did You Know?

1

In its crystalline form, boron is the second-hardest element, surpassed only by carbon in the form of diamond.

2

Borosilicate glass (like Pyrex) is infused with boron, making it highly resistant to thermal shock and less likely to shatter when heated or cooled rapidly.

3

When added to fireworks, boron compounds burn with a distinctive bright green flame.

4

Boron is an essential nutrient for all green plants, playing a crucial role in strengthening their cell walls.

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